Source code for scrapy.http.request.form

"""
This module implements the FormRequest class which is a more convenient class
(than Request) to generate Requests based on form data.

See documentation in docs/topics/request-response.rst
"""

from urllib.parse import urljoin, urlencode

import lxml.html
from parsel.selector import create_root_node
from w3lib.html import strip_html5_whitespace

from scrapy.http.request import Request
from scrapy.utils.python import to_bytes, is_listlike
from scrapy.utils.response import get_base_url


[docs]class FormRequest(Request): valid_form_methods = ['GET', 'POST'] def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): formdata = kwargs.pop('formdata', None) if formdata and kwargs.get('method') is None: kwargs['method'] = 'POST' super().__init__(*args, **kwargs) if formdata: items = formdata.items() if isinstance(formdata, dict) else formdata querystr = _urlencode(items, self.encoding) if self.method == 'POST': self.headers.setdefault(b'Content-Type', b'application/x-www-form-urlencoded') self._set_body(querystr) else: self._set_url(self.url + ('&' if '?' in self.url else '?') + querystr)
[docs] @classmethod def from_response(cls, response, formname=None, formid=None, formnumber=0, formdata=None, clickdata=None, dont_click=False, formxpath=None, formcss=None, **kwargs): kwargs.setdefault('encoding', response.encoding) if formcss is not None: from parsel.csstranslator import HTMLTranslator formxpath = HTMLTranslator().css_to_xpath(formcss) form = _get_form(response, formname, formid, formnumber, formxpath) formdata = _get_inputs(form, formdata, dont_click, clickdata, response) url = _get_form_url(form, kwargs.pop('url', None)) method = kwargs.pop('method', form.method) if method is not None: method = method.upper() if method not in cls.valid_form_methods: method = 'GET' return cls(url=url, method=method, formdata=formdata, **kwargs)
def _get_form_url(form, url): if url is None: action = form.get('action') if action is None: return form.base_url return urljoin(form.base_url, strip_html5_whitespace(action)) return urljoin(form.base_url, url) def _urlencode(seq, enc): values = [(to_bytes(k, enc), to_bytes(v, enc)) for k, vs in seq for v in (vs if is_listlike(vs) else [vs])] return urlencode(values, doseq=1) def _get_form(response, formname, formid, formnumber, formxpath): """Find the form element """ root = create_root_node(response.text, lxml.html.HTMLParser, base_url=get_base_url(response)) forms = root.xpath('//form') if not forms: raise ValueError(f"No <form> element found in {response}") if formname is not None: f = root.xpath(f'//form[@name="{formname}"]') if f: return f[0] if formid is not None: f = root.xpath(f'//form[@id="{formid}"]') if f: return f[0] # Get form element from xpath, if not found, go up if formxpath is not None: nodes = root.xpath(formxpath) if nodes: el = nodes[0] while True: if el.tag == 'form': return el el = el.getparent() if el is None: break raise ValueError(f'No <form> element found with {formxpath}') # If we get here, it means that either formname was None # or invalid if formnumber is not None: try: form = forms[formnumber] except IndexError: raise IndexError(f"Form number {formnumber} not found in {response}") else: return form def _get_inputs(form, formdata, dont_click, clickdata, response): try: formdata_keys = dict(formdata or ()).keys() except (ValueError, TypeError): raise ValueError('formdata should be a dict or iterable of tuples') if not formdata: formdata = () inputs = form.xpath('descendant::textarea' '|descendant::select' '|descendant::input[not(@type) or @type[' ' not(re:test(., "^(?:submit|image|reset)$", "i"))' ' and (../@checked or' ' not(re:test(., "^(?:checkbox|radio)$", "i")))]]', namespaces={ "re": "http://exslt.org/regular-expressions"}) values = [(k, '' if v is None else v) for k, v in (_value(e) for e in inputs) if k and k not in formdata_keys] if not dont_click: clickable = _get_clickable(clickdata, form) if clickable and clickable[0] not in formdata and not clickable[0] is None: values.append(clickable) if isinstance(formdata, dict): formdata = formdata.items() values.extend((k, v) for k, v in formdata if v is not None) return values def _value(ele): n = ele.name v = ele.value if ele.tag == 'select': return _select_value(ele, n, v) return n, v def _select_value(ele, n, v): multiple = ele.multiple if v is None and not multiple: # Match browser behaviour on simple select tag without options selected # And for select tags wihout options o = ele.value_options return (n, o[0]) if o else (None, None) elif v is not None and multiple: # This is a workround to bug in lxml fixed 2.3.1 # fix https://github.com/lxml/lxml/commit/57f49eed82068a20da3db8f1b18ae00c1bab8b12#L1L1139 selected_options = ele.xpath('.//option[@selected]') v = [(o.get('value') or o.text or '').strip() for o in selected_options] return n, v def _get_clickable(clickdata, form): """ Returns the clickable element specified in clickdata, if the latter is given. If not, it returns the first clickable element found """ clickables = list(form.xpath( 'descendant::input[re:test(@type, "^(submit|image)$", "i")]' '|descendant::button[not(@type) or re:test(@type, "^submit$", "i")]', namespaces={"re": "http://exslt.org/regular-expressions"} )) if not clickables: return # If we don't have clickdata, we just use the first clickable element if clickdata is None: el = clickables[0] return (el.get('name'), el.get('value') or '') # If clickdata is given, we compare it to the clickable elements to find a # match. We first look to see if the number is specified in clickdata, # because that uniquely identifies the element nr = clickdata.get('nr', None) if nr is not None: try: el = list(form.inputs)[nr] except IndexError: pass else: return (el.get('name'), el.get('value') or '') # We didn't find it, so now we build an XPath expression out of the other # arguments, because they can be used as such xpath = './/*' + ''.join(f'[@{k}="{v}"]' for k, v in clickdata.items()) el = form.xpath(xpath) if len(el) == 1: return (el[0].get('name'), el[0].get('value') or '') elif len(el) > 1: raise ValueError(f"Multiple elements found ({el!r}) matching the " f"criteria in clickdata: {clickdata!r}") else: raise ValueError(f'No clickable element matching clickdata: {clickdata!r}')